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"Unplugged" Table of Contents
Preface:
(Please Read
Me First)
Part One:
Introduction to Computer-Assisted Legal Research
Chapter I: The Basics of LEXIS-NEXIS
Chapter II: The Basics of WESTLAW
Part Two: Planning Your
Research Before Getting Online
Chapter III: Interviewing, Formulating
Issue(s),
And Drafting Search Requests
Chapter IV:
Selecting Databases
Chapter V:
Understanding The Costs
Part Three: Performing A Text
Search "To Get A Foothold"
Chapter VI: Performing a Boolean Search In
LEXIS-NEXIS
Chapter VII: Performing
a Boolean Search In WESTLAW
Chapter VIII: Using Segment
And Field Restrictions
Chapter IX:
Performing A Plain English Search
Part Four: Using Citation
Services "To Do The Legwork"
Chapter X: Using Citation Services In
LEXIS-NEXIS
Chapter XI: Using
Citation Services In WESTLAW
Part Five: Finding Statutory
Authority
Chapter XII: Finding Statutory Authority In
LEXIS-NEXIS
Chapter XIII: Finding
Statutory Authority In WESTLAW
Part Six:
Appendices and Index
Back to "Unplugged"
Page
Detailed Table of
Contents
- Part One:
Introduction to Computer-Assisted Legal Research
[TOP]
CHAPTER
I: The Basics Of LEXIS-NEXIS [TOP]
A. Accessing The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
1. Signing-On To The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
2. Entering Your LEXIS-NEXIS ID
3. Entering Billing Information
B. Locating Case Authority By Citation In LEXIS-NEXIS
1. The LEXSEE™ Feature
C. The LEXIS-NEXIS Title Screen Orientation
D. Basic Case Browsing In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
1. Changing Pages In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
2. Accessing Authority From Within Other
Authority
a) LINK™ Markers
3. Using Star Paging In The LEXIS-NEXIS
Services
a) Pinpoint Citing
b) Parallel Citing
c) Moving To A Specific
Computerized Page Using Star Paging
(1) Retrieving A Specific Star Page While Within A Case
(2) Retrieving A Specific Star Page Using LEXSEE
E. Retracing Your Steps In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
1. RESUME
F. Downloading And Printing In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
1. Downloading
2. Printing
3. Confirming Your Download/Print Order
G. Signing-Off The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
1. Saving Your Research In The LEXIS-NEXIS
Services
2. Downloading/Printing Documents After
Sign-Off
3. Exiting The LEXIS-NEXIS Program
CHAPTER II:
The Basics Of WESTLAW [TOP]
A.
Accessing WESTLAW
1. Signing-On To WESTLAW
B. Locating Case Authority By Citation In WESTLAW
C. WESTLAW Screen Orientation
1. WESTLAW Research Screen
2. WESTLAW Title Screen
D. Basic Case Browsing in WESTLAW
1. Scrolling Through A Case
2. Moving To A Specific Computerized Page
3. Accessing Authority From Other Authority
a) Using JUMP Markers
With Headnote Numbers
b) Using JUMP Markers
To Access Case Authority
4. Using Star Paging in WESTLAW
a) Pinpoint Citing
b) Parallel Citing
c) Moving To A Specific
Case Page Using Star Paging
(1) Retrieving a Specific Star Page While Within A Case
(2) Retrieving A Specific Star Page Using FIND
E. Retracing Your Steps In WESTLAW
1. Close Active Window
F. Downloading And Printing In WESTLAW
1. Downloading
2. Printing
3. Saving Your Research In WESTLAW
G. Signing-Off WESTLAW
1. Saving Your Research Project In WESTLAW
2. Downloading/Printing Documents After
Sign-Off
3. Exiting The WESTLAW Program
- Part Two:
Planning Your Research Before Getting Online
[TOP]
CHAPTER
III: PreSearch© Interviewing, Formulating Issues
[TOP]
And Drafting Search Requests
A. Step 1: Conduct A PreSearch™ Interview
1. The PreSearch™ Interview
B. Step 2: Write Out A Detailed Issue Statement
C. Step 3: Formulate Your Search Request
1. Devise Search Terms And Phrases
a) Generate Basic Search Terms
b) Do Not Include Non-Search Terms
(1) Noise Or Stop Words
(2) Connector Words
c) Generate Variations Of Issue Terms
d) Generate Search Phrases Using Quotation Marks
e) Use Search Term Equivalencies
(1) Automatic Equivalencies
(a) Abbreviations
(i) Periods
(b) Hyphens
(c) Plurals
(i) Irregular Plurals
(d) Possessives
(e) Capital Letters
(i) Capital Equivalencies In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
(2) Use Universal Characters To Fashion Your Own Equivalencies
(a) Root Expanders (Exclamation Points)
(b) Wild Cards (Asterisks)
(c) Specifying The Number Of Terms Per Document In LEXIS-NEXIS
2. Combine Search Terms Using Connectors
a) Connectors
(1) The AND Connector
(2) The OR Connector
(3) The "Space" Connector
(4) Proximity Connectors (/)
(a) Within Connector (/n)
(b) Within The Same Sentence (/s)
(c) Within The Same Paragraph (/p)
(5) The "Before" Connector (+)
(a) Before A Specified Number Of Words (+n)
(b) Before In The Same Sentence (+s)
(c) Before In The Same Paragraph (+p)
(6) The "Without" Connector
(a) The AND NOT Connector In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
(b) The BUT NOT Connector In WESTLAW
3. Prioritize Using Parentheses
CHAPTER IV:
Selecting And Designating Databases [TOP]
A.
Selecting A Database Of Documents
1. What Is A Document?
2. What Is A Database?
3. How Do I Know What Databases are Available?
4. What Database Should I Select?
B. Designating A Database Of Documents
1. Designating Databases In The LEXIS-NEXIS
Services
a) How Databases Are
Organized In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
b) Designating A
Library In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
c) Designating A File
In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
d) Retrieving
Coverage Using Description Page Numbers
e) Combining Files In
The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
2. Designating Databases In WESTLAW
a) How Databases Are
Organized In WESTLAW
b) Designating
Databases In WESTLAW
(1) Designating A Database When You Know Its Identifier
c) Retrieving Database
Coverage In WESTLAW Using SCOPE
CHAPTER V:
Understanding The Costs [TOP]
A. Types Of
CALR Charges
1. Connection Charges
a) Telephone Charge
b) Network Charge
c) Connect Charge
d) Subscription Fee
2. Research Charges
a) Database Time Charge
b) Per Search Charge
c) Per Displayed
Document Charge
d) Per Feature Charge
e) Flat Rate Charge
3. Document Delivery Charges
a) Per Line Charge
b) Per Document Charge
c) Flat Rate Delivery
Charge
B. CALR Services’ Pricing Plans
1. A Chart Of Charges For Computer-Assisted
Legal Research
2. Pricing Plans In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
a) LEXIS-NEXIS Pricing
Plans
(1) The Hourly Pricing Plan
(2) Transactional Pricing Plan ("Pay As You Go")
(3) LEXIS-NEXIS Advantage Pricing Plan
(4) Subscription Pricing Plan
b) Determining The Cost
Of Searching In LEXIS-NEXIS Files
3. Pricing Plans In WESTLAW
a) Determining The Cost
Of Searching In WESTLAW Databases
(1) How Databases Are Categorized For Billing Purposes
(a) Standard Databases
(b) Allfiles & Super Allfiles Databases
(c) Other WESTLAW Databases
(2) Determining Database Pricing Categories
(a) Determining Database Pricing Categories Off-line
(b) Determining Database Pricing Categories On-line
(i) Using The SUBSCRIBER Database
(ii) Using SCOPE To Determine A Pricing Category
b) WESTLAW Pricing Plans
(1) Private Dial-Up Service Pricing Plan
(a) Hourly Option
(b) Transactional Option
(2) WESTLAW PRO Pricing Plan
(3) Flat Fee Pricing Plan
C. Using The Internet As An Alternative
1. What Can The Internet Really Do?
2. The Pros and Cons Of Internet Research
a) The Pros
b) The Cons
c) In Conclusion
CHAPTER
VI: Performing A Boolean Search [TOP]
In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
A. Running A Boolean Search In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
B. Browsing Documents In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
1. Display Modes In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
a) KWIC Mode
(1) Variable KWIC
b) FULL Mode
2. Changing Documents In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
3. Using The FOCUS Feature To Browse More Quickly
C. Editing Your Search Request In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
1. Adding On To Your Search Request Using MODIFY
a) Search Levels In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
D. Displaying And Printing A Citation List
1. Displaying A Citation List In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
2. Printing A Citation List
E. Saving Your Search In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
1. The .KEEP And .LOG Features
a) .KEEP
b) .LOG
2. The ECLIPSE Feature
F. Running Your Search Request In A New Library And File
1. Changing Libraries
2. Changing Files
3. Starting A New Search In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
a) Starting A New Search Within The Same File
b) Starting A New Search Within A Different Library Or File
CHAPTER
VII: Performing A Boolean Search In WESTLAW [TOP]
A. Running A Boolean Search Request In WESTLAW
B. Browsing Documents In WESTLAW
1. TERM Mode In WESTLAW
a) Using TERM Mode
2. Changing Documents In WESTLAW
a) RANK
(1) Moving To The Next Or Previous Ranked Document
(2) Moving To Any Ranked Document
3. Using The LOCATE Feature To Browse More Quickly
C. Editing Your Search Request In WESTLAW
D. Displaying And Printing A Citation List In WESTLAW
1. Displaying A Citation List In WESTLAW
2. Printing A Citation List In WESTLAW
E. Saving Your Search In WESTLAW Using WESTClip
F. Changing Databases In WESTLAW
1. Running Your Search Automatically In A New Database
2. Editing Your Search Request And Running In a Different Database
3. Starting A New Search In a Different Database
4. Finding A New Database Identifier
CHAPTER VIII:
Using Segment And Field Restrictions [TOP]
A.
Segment And Field Restrictions
B. Segment Restriction Searching In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
1. Designating Segment Restrictions
In The
LEXIS-NEXIS Services
2. Segment Restrictions Available In The
LEXIS-NEXIS Services
a) Searching By
Document Date In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
(1) Specifying Date Ranges
(a) Date Formats
(b) Searching By A Certain Date
(c) Searching Before A Certain Date
(d) Searching After A Certain Date
(e) Searching Between Two Dates
b) Searching By
Case Name Or Title
In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
c) Searching By
Case Opinions In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
(1) Specifying A Specific Opinion
(a) Searching Through The Text
Of The Majority Or Plurality Opinion
(b) Searching Through The Text Of Concurring Opinions
(c) Searching Through The Text Of Dissenting Opinions
d) Searching
Opinions By Specific Judge
In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
(a) Finding Opinions By Specific Judge
(i) Searching For Majority Or Plurality Opinions
By A Specific Judge
(ii) Searching For Concurring Opinions
By A Specific Judge
(iii) Searching For Dissenting Opinions
By A Specific Judge
e) Searching
Opinions From A Specific Court
In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
(1) Identifying The Court
f) Searching For
Attorney Case Participation
In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
g) Searching By
Docket Number In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
h) Searching By
Case Citation In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
C. Field Restriction Searching In WESTLAW
1. Designating Field Restrictions In
WESTLAW
2. Field Restrictions Available In
WESTLAW
a) Searching By
Document Date In WESTLAW
(1) Specifying Date Ranges
b) Searching By
Case Name Or Title In WESTLAW
c) Searching By
Case Opinions In WESTLAW
(1) Specifying A Specific Opinion
(a) Searching Through The Text Of Concurring Opinions
(b) Searching Through The Text Of Dissenting Opinions
d) Searching
Opinions By Specific Judge In WESTLAW
e) Searching
Opinions From A Specific Court In WESTLAW
(1) Specifying A Court
f) Searching For
Attorney Case Participation In WESTLAW
g) Searching By
Docket Number In WESTLAW
h) Searching By
Case Citation In WESTLAW
i) Searching By
Synopsis Field In WESTLAW
j) Searching By
Digest (Headnote and/or Key Number) Field
In WESTLAW
(1) Searching By Headnote
(2) Searching By Key Number
(a) Finding Key Numbers In WESTLAW
(i) Finding Key Numbers Off-Line In WESTLAW
(ii) Finding Key Numbers On-Line In WESTLAW
(a) Accessing WESTLAW’s Key Number Service
(b) Performing A Key Number Search
In WESTLAW
(i) Searching Within The Key Number Screen
(ii) Searching From Within A Case
(iii) Searching Using The Query Editor
(3) Searching By Topic Number
k) Searching By
Synopsis And Digest Field In WESTLAW
CHAPTER IX:
Performing A Plain English Search [TOP]
A. Plain
English Searching In A Nutshell
B. How Does Plain English Searching Work?
C. The Plain English Search Strategy Outline
D. Performing A Plain English Search In LEXIS-NEXIS
1. Running A FREESTYLE Search
a) Retrieving A
Statistical Evaluation
Of Your FREESTYLE Search Result
(1) The .WHERE Screen
(2) The .WHY Screen
b) Changing The Display
Order
Of Your FREESTYLE Search Result
2. Browsing Your FREESTYLE Search Results
a) SuperKWIC Mode
b) Using The .MORE
Feature
To Retrieve Other Relevant Documents
3. Editing Your FREESTYLE Search Request
a) Editing The Text Of
Your FREESTYLE Search Request
b) Designating
Mandatory Terms
In Your FREESTYLE Search Request
c) Designating
FREESTYLE Segment Restrictions
d) Adding Synonyms To
Your FREESTYLE Search Request
e) Changing The Number
Of Documents
E. Performing A Plain English Search In WESTLAW
1. Running A Natural Language Search
a) Changing The Display
Order
Of Your Natural Language Search Result
2. Browsing Your Natural Language Search Result
a) BEST Mode
3. Editing Your Natural Language Search Request
a) Editing Your Natural
Language Search Request
b) Designating Terms To
Appear In Every Document
c) Excluding Words From
Your Natural Language Search Result
d) Designating Natural
Language Field Restrictions
e) Adding Synonyms
To Your Natural Language Search Request
f) Changing The Number
Of Documents
CHAPTER X:
Using The Citation Services [TOP]
In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
A.
Shepardizing In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
1. Basic Shepardizing
a) SHEPARDIZING A Case
By Citation
2. SHEPARD’S Screen Orientation
3. LEXIS-NEXIS Case Law Signals
4. Getting Around In The SHEPARD’S
Display
(1) Retrieving Citing Cases
(2) Returning To The SHEPARD’S Display
5. Tailoring Your SHEPARD’S Display
a) Tailoring Your
SHEPARD’S Display By Analysis Comment
(1) Displaying Negative History And Treatments
(2) Including Dissenting Opinions
b) Clearing
Restrictions
c) Tailoring Your
SHEPARD’S Display By Headnote
(1) Determining SHEPARD’S Headnotes
In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
(2) Displaying SHEPARD’S Headnote Citations
B. Updating Your Research In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
1. Finding Procedural History Using
Auto-Cite™
(1) Auto-Cite By Case Citation
CHAPTER XI:
Using The Citation Services In Westlaw [TOP] [TOP]
A. Using KeyCite
1. Basic KeyCite
a) What Do the Flags
Mean?
b) Using KeyCite When
You Know a Citation
c) Activating KeyCite
From A Displayed Case
d) KeyCite History
Displays
(1) Chart of KeyCite History Definitions
e) Viewing a Full List
of KeyCite Citations
(1) What Do The Stars Mean?
(2) What Do The Purple Quotation Marks Mean?
f) Getting Around The
KeyCite Display
(1) Retrieving Citing Cases
(2) Returning To The KeyCite Display
2. Tailoring Your KeyCite Display
a) Tailoring Your
KeyCite Display By Headnote and/or Topic
(1) Determing KeyCite Headnotes
(2) Showing Citation Counts
(3) Limiting By Headnote
(4) Limiting By West Topic
b) Other Ways To Tailor
Your KeyCite Display
(1) Limiting By Jurisdiction
(2) Limiting By West Publication
(3) Limiting By Document Type
(a) Cases
(b) Non-Cases
(4) Document Date
(5) Date Added After
(6) Depth Of Treatment
3. Using KeyCite To
Check Your Citations
B. Using "Table of Authorities" to See Underlying Cases and
Statutes
1. Activating "Table of Authorities"
From A Displayed Case
2. Activating "Table of Authorities"
from Any Screen
3. Reading A "Table of Authorities"
Display
CHAPTER XII:
Researching Statutory Authority [TOP]
In LEXIS-NEXIS
A. Researching Statutory Authority In The LEXIS-NEXIS Services
1. Locating Statutes By Citation Using LEXSTAT
2. Browsing Statutory Sections
a) BROWSE Mode
3. Retrieving Statutory Authority Using Search
Terms
a) Designating A
Statutory File
(1) Displaying Statutory Files By Jurisdiction
b) Special Drafting
Considerations
For Statutory Search Requests
4. Using Specialized Statutory Files
a) Table Of Contents
File
b) Popular Name Table
(Federal Statutes Only)
CHAPTER
XIII: Researching Statutory Authority [TOP][TOP]
In WESTLAW
A. Researching Statutory Authority
1. Locating Statutes By Citation Using FIND
a) Getting Help With
Proper Statute Citation Format
(1) Using Statutory Templates
(a) Displaying Statutory Templates
For A Specific Jurisdiction
2. Browsing Statutory Sections
a) Documents In
Sequence
3. Retrieving Statutory Authority Using Search
Terms
a) Designating A
Statutory Database
b) Special Drafting
Considerations
4. Using Specialized Statutory Databases
a) Index Databases
b) Table Of Contents
Databases
c) Popular Name Table
(Federal Statutes Only)
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